海南启动全岛封关运作准备!

发表时间:2023-08-11 14:00作者:Echo

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中新网41日报330日晚间,#海南启动全岛封关运作准备#冲上了微博热搜第一。有专家认为,这是要把海南打造为香港+佛罗里达

Chinanews.com reported on April 1, on the evening of March 30, #Hainan launched the island-wide customs closure operation preparation#rushed to the first place in Weibo's hot search. Some experts believe that this is to build Hainan into "Hong Kong + Florida".

海南自贸港将启动全岛封关准备意味着什么?又会给我们带来哪些影响?

What does it mean that the Hainan Free Trade Port will start preparations for the island-wide customs closure? And what impact will it have on us?

(一)什么是封关

What is a "closure"?

(1)329日,蓬勃兴起正当时——海南全面深化改革开放五年来进展成效首场新闻发布会上提到,海南将全面启动全岛封关运作准备。

On March 29, the first press conference of "The Booming Time - Hainan's Progress in Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Opening Up in the Five Years" mentioned that Hainan will fully launch preparations for the island-wide customs closure operation.

(2)“封关是一个海关术语,即海南全岛成为一个境内关外区域,海南岛内可以享受零关税等优惠政策。

"Customs closure" is a customs term, that is, the whole island of Hainan becomes a "domestic and extra-customs" area, and Hainan Island can enjoy preferential policies such as zero tariff.

(3)对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院院长桑百川向中新财经表示,封关运作主要是在海南与境内其他区域的分割线,按照一线放开,二线管住的管理模式进行。

Sang Baichuan, dean of the Institute of International Economics of the University of International Business and Economics, told Zhongxin Finance and Economics that the customs closure operation is mainly carried out in the dividing line between Hainan and other regions in China, according to the management model of "the first line is released and the second line is controlled".

(4)据海南自由贸易港微信公众号介绍,一线指国境线,即从境外到自贸区()内;二线指自贸区()的空间分割线,即自贸区()与境内其他区域之间的分割线。

According to the WeChat public account of "Hainan Free Trade Port", "first line" refers to the national border, that is, from abroad to within the free trade zone (port); "Second line" refers to the spatial dividing line of the free trade zone (port), that is, the dividing line between the free trade zone (port) and other areas in the territory.

(5)根据国际经验,成熟的自由贸易港的核心是一线放开,即自贸区()与境外实现货物、资金和人员等要素自由流动,不受海关监管。二线管住是指从自贸区()出入国境内其他区域的货物,纳入全国海关通关一体化,实行常规监管,要征收相应的税收,并纳入贸易统计。

According to international experience, the core of a mature free trade port is "first-line liberalization", that is, the free trade zone (port) and overseas to achieve the free flow of goods, funds and personnel and other elements without customs supervision. "Second-line control" means that goods entering and exiting other areas of the country from the free trade zone (port) are included in the integration of customs clearance throughout the country, and routine supervision is implemented, corresponding taxes are collected, and trade statistics are included.

(6)“简单来说,就是国外的商品能够相对自由地进入海南,但从海南再进入到境内其他区域,就要按照和境内其他区域一样的海关管理制度进行管理。桑百川说。

"To put it simply, foreign goods can enter Hainan relatively freely, but from Hainan to other areas in the territory, they must be managed in accordance with the same customs management system as other regions in the country." Sang Baichuan said.

(二)海南封关需要做哪些准备?

What preparations do I need to make for the closure of Hainan?

桑百川指出,封关运作既需要硬件上基础设施的支撑,也需要制度的保障,这意味着要做好大量的前期准备工作。

Sang Baichuan pointed out that the operation of customs closure requires both the support of hardware infrastructure and the guarantee of the system, which means that a lot of preliminary preparations must be done.

比如在二线海关的建设上,要加大投入力度,使进入海南的商品和服务在进入到境内其他区域时海关管理跟得上。另外,人员、商品、服务的规模也都会增大,因而对交通运输、电信、餐饮、酒店、物流等等这些的要求都大幅度提高。海南有没有这样的接待能力和承受能力,都需要基础设施的建设投入。

"For example, in the construction of the 'second-tier' customs, it is necessary to increase investment so that the customs management of goods and services entering Hainan can keep up with other areas in the territory." In addition, the scale of personnel, goods, and services will also increase, so the requirements for transportation, telecommunications, catering, hotels, logistics, etc. have increased significantly. Whether Hainan has such a reception capacity and bearing capacity requires investment in infrastructure construction. ”

同时,海南封关也对软件提出了要求。例如相关的政策法规和管理机制,以及人员素质都需要进一步的提升,和高度自由的便利规则相适应,才能符合自贸港发展的要求。桑百川说。

At the same time, Hainan Customs Closure also puts forward requirements for software. "For example, relevant policies, regulations and management mechanisms, as well as the quality of personnel, need to be further improved, and compatible with highly free convenience rules in order to meet the requirements of the development of free trade ports." Sang Baichuan said.

据中共海南省委新闻发言人、省委常委、省委宣传部部长王斌在329日的发布会上介绍,目前,海南已全面启动全岛封关运作准备,主要包括64项工作任务、31项建设项目(口岸建设、海关查验设备等)27项压力测试事项,目前正在紧锣密鼓推进,确保今年具备封关硬件条件、明年完成封关各项准备、2025年底前全岛封关运作。

According to Wang Bin, spokesperson of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and director of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee, at a press conference on March 29, at present, Hainan has fully launched preparations for the operation of the island-wide customs closure, mainly including 64 work tasks, 31 construction projects (port construction, customs inspection equipment, etc.) and 27 pressure test items.

(三)海南封关将带来哪些利好?

What are the benefits of Hainan's customs closure?

对于海南封关带来的影响,桑百川认为,海南的进出口贸易、投资等都将迎来利好。

For the impact of Hainan's customs closure, Sang Baichuan believes that Hainan's import and export trade and investment will usher in benefits.

当离岛免税转化成落地免税后,无论是海外人员进入到海南,还是境内其他区域人员进入到海南,都能够在海南享受到进口商品免税的待遇,从而使进口规模会大量增加;同时,境内其他区域商品进入海南就视同出口,海南的出口规模也可能会增加,因此封关对整个进出口贸易都会产生刺激作用。

"When the duty-free on outlying islands is transformed into a landing duty-free, whether overseas personnel enter Hainan or personnel from other regions in Hainan enter Hainan, they can enjoy the duty-free treatment of imported goods in Hainan, so that the scale of imports will increase significantly; At the same time, the entry of commodities from other regions in Hainan into Hainan is regarded as export, and the scale of Hainan's exports may also increase, so the customs closure will have a stimulating effect on the entire import and export trade.

桑百川表示,由于落地免税政策会吸引大量游客和定居者,当地的餐饮、酒店、旅游等产业将得到促进,而配套的金融服务也会得到发展,例如贸易结算、货币兑换等。
此外,全面实施市场准入负面清单制度,也将使投资者在海南市场寻求更多的发展机会。这对绿色产业、食品加工,以及相关的商业服务都会产生巨大的带动作用。桑百川说。

Sang Baichuan said that because the landing tax exemption policy will attract a large number of tourists and settlers, local catering, hotel, tourism and other industries will be promoted, and supporting financial services will also be developed, "such as trade settlement, currency exchange, etc." In addition, the full implementation of the negative list system for market access will also enable investors to seek more development opportunities in the Hainan market. This will have a huge driving effect on green industries, food processing, and related business services. Sang Baichuan said.

(四)海南是否会成为香港济州岛

Will Hainan become "Hong Kong" or "Jeju Island"?

(1)有人认为,封关运作将把海南打造为下一个香港或者济州岛。那么,海南是否会成为它们的复制品?
海南自贸港应该有自身的特色,它既不是香港,也不是佛罗里达,更不是济州岛,它是中国特色的自由贸易港。桑百川说。

Some believe that the closure will make Hainan the next Hong Kong or Jeju Island. So, will Hainan become a copy of them? "The Hainan Free Trade Port should have its own characteristics, it is neither Hong Kong, nor Florida, nor Jeju Island, it is a free trade port with Chinese characteristics." Sang Baichuan said.

(2)他认为,与其他自贸港相比,海南自身工业化优势不明显,港口资源和地理位置也不及国内其他一些大型港口;但同时海南面积比较大、海岸线也比较长,海洋经济较为发达,有自身的独特优势,因此应该结合自己的资源优势和条件,确定自己的产业定位和发展方向。

He believes that compared with other free trade ports, Hainan's own industrialization advantages are not obvious, and the port resources and geographical location are not as good as some other large ports in China; However, at the same time, Hainan has a relatively large area, a relatively long coastline, and a more developed marine economy, which has its own unique advantages, so it should combine its own resource advantages and conditions to determine its own industrial positioning and development direction.

(3)“海南应该发展以服务贸易为主体的自贸港。”他表示,海南在跨境交付、境外消费、数据贸易等方面都具有广阔的发展空间。

"Hainan should develop a free trade port with service trade as the main body." He said that Hainan has broad development space in cross-border delivery, overseas consumption and data trade.

(五)海南封关对普通人意味着什么?

What does the Hainan closure mean for ordinary people?

对于海南封关,有网友好奇其对普通人的影响,也有网友担忧是否会对进出海南产生不便,实际情况会如何?
桑百川表示,如果封关后能够实行落地免税政策,在海南生活就可以获得免税进口商品,那么对游客来说会有巨大的吸引力。

For the closure of Hainan, some netizens are curious about its impact on ordinary people, and some netizens are worried about whether it will cause inconvenience in entering and leaving Hainan, and what will be the actual situation? Sang Baichuan said that if the duty-free policy can be implemented after the closure, and duty-free imported goods can be obtained by living in Hainan, it will be a huge attraction for tourists.


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